Human Nutrition : Physiology and Metabolism

Fundamentals of physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, metabolism and nutrition

Lectures *Research Skills in Nutrition: - Anthropometry. The tools available for measuring body composition, both at the individual and population level. Discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of these tools, according to different research scenarios in the nutritional sciences. Practical application of laboratory, dietary assessment and anthropometry techniques - Nutritional Status Physiology : How humans can extract energy from macronutrients (i.e. carbohydrates, fats, proteins). The course will focus on cell and organ specific routes for conversion of macromolecules into their oxidizable derivatives. Importantly, the pivotal role of intermediary metabolism, metabolites and small circulatory hormones like peptides in metabolic control and inter-organ cross talk (muscle-liver-adipose tissue-cardiovascular system-brain) will be thoroughly studied in a variety of physiological situation covering the fed, fasted, starved and exercised states. Body energy and Mitochondria: the dynamics of the mitochondrial network. Mechanistic basis to understand how aberrations in energy and substrate metabolism can be the common denominator in multiple disorders: knowledge on Nutritional Immunity: how nutrients affect immunity and impact of immunity on metabolism Chrono-nutrition timing matters Impact on metabolism of interventions (sedentary behavior, sleep, stress management...) and personalized interventions to promote health and prevent disease. Travaux Dirigés 12 h Overview Lecture: students should come prepared to the Overview lecture having read the scientific papers and prepared to participate in class discussion and perform a presentation.

This course will introduce to the science, application and consequences of food choice and lifestyle on human nutritional health. It aims to enhance knowledge and understanding of the role of nutrition to understand the physiology and the mechanisms underlying these derailments to provide the basis for the ultimate design and optimization of preventive and therapeutic nutritional and life-style interventions that improve metabolic health and alleviate the diseased state.
Courseworks may cover digestion, storage, and functions of nutrients in growth and development aging and the role of nutrition in immune function, and the influence of nutrients on the maintenance of optimal health and the cellular basis for the health threatening effects of a sedentary life-style. The major role of intermediary metabolism, metabolites and small circulatory molecules in metabolic control and inter-organ cross-talk (muscle-liver-adipose tissue-cardiovascular system-brain) will be thoroughly studied in the fasted, post-prandial, starved and exercised state.
The principles of chrononutrition will be explored from the level of intracellular biochemistry to whole-organism physiology and even postprandial responses with a focus one the metabolic roles of circadian clocks in key metabolic tissues in benefit the health of individuals with metabolic disease, as well as of the general population.
Focuses on core skills and techniques required by nutritionists including assessment of body composition, generation of data, statistical analysis of findings, interpretation and application of data.

Lectures *Research Skills in Nutrition: - Anthropometry. The tools available for measuring body composition, both at the individual and population level. Discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of these tools, according to different research scenarios in the nutritional sciences. Practical application of laboratory, dietary assessment and anthropometry techniques - Nutritional Status Physiology : How humans can extract energy from macronutrients (i.e. carbohydrates, fats, proteins). The course will focus on cell and organ specific routes for conversion of macromolecules into their oxidizable derivatives. Importantly, the pivotal role of intermediary metabolism, metabolites and small circulatory hormones like peptides in metabolic control and inter-organ cross talk (muscle-liver-adipose tissue-cardiovascular system-brain) will be thoroughly studied in a variety of physiological situation covering the fed, fasted, starved and exercised states. Body energy and Mitochondria: the dynamics of the mitochondrial network. Mechanistic basis to understand how aberrations in energy and substrate metabolism can be the common denominator in multiple disorders: knowledge on Nutritional Immunity: how nutrients affect immunity and impact of immunity on metabolism Chrono-nutrition timing matters Impact on metabolism of interventions (sedentary behavior, sleep, stress management...) and personalized interventions to promote health and prevent disease. Travaux Dirigés 12 h Overview Lecture: students should come prepared to the Overview lecture having read the scientific papers and prepared to participate in class discussion and perform a presentation.